Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria devastated tomato production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province-Pakistan, bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) has decimated commercial tomato production. Field surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to analyse the effects of producing areas KP, including Swat, Lower Dir, Mansehra. During growing seasons, diseased samples collected from fields, disease incidence severity documented. The pathogen was isolated, purified, morphologically biochemically characterised. Most morphological biochemical characteristics such as yellow colonies, like those spp. Further, confirmed using XV1F/XV1R pair species-specific primers, which amplify atpD gene sequence solely vesicatoria. Out 30 isolates, 16 isolates be Xcv. these agro-ecological zones, this first report on presence Furthermore, humidity temperature found impact substantially. grew at high temperatures low humidity; however, some prefered high-temperature low-humidity environments. conclusion, Xcv now spread throughout all tomato-producing KP province. To avert future plant epidemics, ongoing climate pest monitoring is required build an effective warning system for producers other agriculture-related agencies.